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目的:探讨我国成年居民血清尿酸水平及高尿酸血症患病状况。方法:本文数据来自2015年中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究。将参加本次调查并有完整调查数据的8 217名18~59岁成年居民作为研究对象。采用问卷调查的方式收集调查对象的人口统计学资料，使用德国罗氏尿酸试剂检测盒，通过酶法在全自动生化分析仪上（德国罗氏C701/702）统一检测调查人群空腹血清尿酸。分析研究对象在不同人口统计学特征下血清尿酸水平及高尿酸血症的患病情况。结果:结果显示，2015年我国18~59岁成年居民血清尿酸平均水平为288.0 μmol/L，加权后高尿酸血症患病率为9.8%。其中男性血清尿酸平均水平为329.7 μmol/L，加权后高尿酸血症患病率为15.1%，女性血清尿酸平均水平为254.3 μmol/L，加权后高尿酸血症患病率为5.8%；城市居民血清尿酸平均水平为298.5 μmol/L，加权后高尿酸血症患病率为10.9%，农村居民血清尿酸平均水平为281.9 μmol/L，加权后高尿酸血症患病率为9.1%。男性血清尿酸水平及高尿酸血症患病率随年龄增长呈下降趋势，而女性血清尿酸水平及高尿酸血症患病率随年龄增长呈升高的趋势。结论:不同地区、性别、年龄、家庭收入和文化程度的成年居民血清尿酸水平及高尿酸血症患病率存在一定差异，建议针对不同的人口学特征因素采取精准的防控措施。“,”Objective:To investigate the level of serum uric acid and the prevalence of hyperuricemia among adult residents in China.Methods:Data were derived from the China Nutritional Transition Cohort Study (CNTCS) in 2015. A total of 8 217 adult residents, aged 18-59 years old, who had completed survey data were selected as the subjects of the study. The demographic data was collected by questionnaire, and the fasting serum uric acid was detected by enzymatic method on the automatic biochemical analyzer (German Roche C701/702) by using German Roche uric acid reagent test kit. The levels of serum uric acid and the prevalence of hyperuricemia were analyzed under different demographic characteristics.Results:The results showed that, in 2015, the average level of serum uric acid in Chinese adults aged 18-59 years old was 288.0 μmol/L, and the prevalence rate of hyperuricemia was 9.8% (weighted value). Among them, the average level of serum uric acid and weighted prevalence of hyperuricemia was 329.7 μmol/L and 15.1% in men and 254.3 μmol/L and 5.8% in women. The average level of serum uric acid and weighted prevalence of hyperuricemia was 298.5 μmol/L and 10.9% in urban residents and 281.9 μmol/L and 9.1% in rural residents. The level of serum uric acid and the prevalence rate of hyperuricemia decreased when age increased in men, but increased with age increased in women.Conclusions:There are some differences in the level of serum uric acid and the prevalence rate of hyperuricemia among adult residents of different regions, gender, ages, household income and educational level. It is suggested that accurate prevention and control measures should be taken according to different demographic characteristics.