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总结63例急性颅脑损伤患者早期呼吸功能的变化,为临床护理提供指导。此类患者以深快呼吸为机体代偿,深慢呼吸伴血压增高示颅内压逐渐增高,呼吸节律异常可能为脑干受损,浅快呼吸往往提示预后不良,呼吸时伴随细湿啰音和心率增快,提示重型颅脑损伤伴神经源性肺水肿,伴随鼾音时呼吸道阻塞或部分阻塞。故维持呼吸功能的主要护理措施为保持呼吸道通畅、半卧位,氧疗和预防呼吸道感染等。本组48例好转出院,15例经抢救无效死亡。
The changes of early respiratory function in 63 patients with acute craniocerebral injury were summarized, providing guidance for clinical nursing. Such patients with deep breathing as the body compensated, slow breathing with increased blood pressure showed increased intracranial pressure, abnormal breathing rhythm may be impaired brain stem, shallow breathing is often prompted poor prognosis, breathing accompanied by fine wet rales and Heart rate increased, suggesting that severe craniocerebral injury with neurogenic pulmonary edema, respiratory tract obstruction accompanied by snoring or partial obstruction. Therefore, the main care measures to maintain respiratory function in order to maintain airway patency, semi-recumbent position, oxygen therapy and prevention of respiratory infections. 48 cases of this group were discharged, 15 died of ineffective rescue.