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随着我国货运市场的发育和完善,货主对货物的运送条件和保鲜要求越来越高,冷板冷藏车作为新型货运车辆,近年来发展迅猛,其运输货物的质量不断得到有关部门和消费者的关注。但是,由于外界热环境的影响,冷板冷藏车中货物温度不断升高且分布不均匀,导致微生物的生长和大量繁殖,严重影响了冷藏货物的质量。通过对运输中货物传热过程的分析,建立了车厢内复杂耦合传热的k-ε数学模型;采用数值模拟的方法,计算了3种不同堆码方式货物动态温度场,指出采用货物与车体内壁之间留一定间距的堆码方式,能有效减小外界热环境对货物温度场的影响,且间距越大,货物温度升高越小、货物温度分布越均匀。建议在冷藏运输货物时,货物与车体内壁之间留一定的间隙。
With the development and improvement of the freight market in our country, the delivery conditions and preservation requirements of the cargoes are getting higher and higher. As a new type of freight vehicles, the cold-plate refrigerated trucks have been developing rapidly in recent years. The quality of the transported goods has been continuously improved by relevant departments and consumers s concern. However, due to the influence of external thermal environment, the temperature of cargoes in cold-plate refrigerated trucks is continuously increasing and unevenly distributed, leading to the growth and multiplication of microorganisms, seriously affecting the quality of refrigerated cargoes. Based on the analysis of the heat transfer process in cargoes, a k-ε mathematical model of complex coupled heat transfer inside the car is established. The dynamic temperature field of three different stacking modes is calculated by numerical simulation. The inner wall of the body to stay a certain distance between the stacking mode, can effectively reduce the impact of the external thermal environment on the temperature field of goods, and the greater the spacing, the smaller the temperature of the goods, the more uniform the temperature distribution of goods. It is advisable to leave a certain clearance between the goods and the inner wall of the vehicle during the refrigerated transport of goods.