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目的研究4~16岁儿童眼轴和角膜曲率的分布情况及其相关因素。设计横断面研究。研究对象北京市昌平区4~16岁儿童2826例,年龄(8.98±3.54)岁。方法对昌平区幼儿园,小学、初中、高中共10所学校进行整群抽样,对抽取的学校学生及家长进行问卷调查,内容包括学生基本信息、家庭基本信息、学生用眼情况,同时进行电脑验光、身高体重测量,以及Zeiss IOL Master相干光生物测量仪进行眼部生物学测量。对参数间的关联性采用单因素线性回归分析和多元逐步线性回归分析。主要指标眼轴,角膜曲率。结果 2826例学生的平均眼轴长度(23.22±1.20)mm,角膜曲率(43.33±1.40)D。男生眼轴长度(23.45±1.15mm)显著长于女生(23.00±1.21 mm)(P<0.001),男生角膜曲率(43.01±1.35 D)显著小于女生(43.64±1.37 D)(P<0.001)。眼轴长度随年龄增长而增加(P<0.001),角膜曲率基本保持稳定,随年龄变化不大(P=0.201)。较长的眼轴与较大的年龄(P<0.001)、男性(P<0.001)、较小的角膜曲率(P<0.001)、较深的前房(P<0.001)、较大的近视度数(P<0.001)相关。较大的角膜曲率值与女性(P<0.001)、较短的眼轴(P<0.001)、较深的前房(P<0.001)、较小的角膜白到白(P<0.001)、较大的近视度数(P<0.001)、父亲无近视(P=0.029)、较少的看电视时间(P<0.001)相关。结论年龄越大、男性、角膜曲率越小、前房越深、近视度数越大者眼轴越长。女性、眼轴越短、前房深度越深、角膜白到白越小、近视度数越大、父亲无近视、看电视越少者角膜曲率值越大。
Objective To study the distribution of axial and corneal curvature in children aged 4 ~ 16 and related factors. Design cross-section study. The subjects were 2826 children aged 4 to 16 years in Changping District of Beijing, with an age of (8.98 ± 3.54) years. Methods A total of 10 schools in kindergarten, primary school, middle school and high school in Changping District were sampled by cluster sampling. The questionnaires were collected from the students and their parents. The questionnaire included basic information of students, basic information of family, eyes of students and computer optometry , Height and weight measurements, and Zeiss IOL Master coherent photobiometry. The correlation between parameters using single-factor linear regression analysis and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis. The main indicators of axial length, corneal curvature. Results The average axial length of 2826 students was (23.22 ± 1.20) mm, corneal curvature was (43.33 ± 1.40) D. The male axial length (23.45 ± 1.15 mm) was significantly longer than that of female students (23.00 ± 1.21 mm) (P <0.001). The male corneal curvature (43.01 ± 1.35 D) was significantly less than that of female students (43.64 ± 1.37 D) (P <0.001). The axial length increased with age (P <0.001), while the corneal curvature remained stable with age (P = 0.201). Longer axial length was associated with older age (P <0.001), male (P <0.001), smaller corneal curvature (P <0.001), deeper anterior chamber (P <0.001), larger myopia (P <0.001). Larger corneal curvature values were significantly associated with female (P <0.001), shorter axial length (P <0.001), deeper anterior chamber (P <0.001), smaller corneal white to white (P <0.001) Large myopia (P <0.001), no myopia in the father (P = 0.029), and less time to watch television (P <0.001). Conclusion The older the male, corneal curvature smaller, the anterior chamber deeper, the greater the number of myopia, the longer the axial length. Women, the shorter the axial length, the deeper the depth of the anterior chamber, the smaller the cornea white to white, the greater the number of myopia, my father no myopia, watch the less the greater the value of the corneal curvature of the TV.