一、引言随着中国考古事业的发展以及多种科技手段的理论、方法在植物考古学研究领域的融入,在中国诸多考古遗址的洞穴、聚落、房址、灰坑、窖穴、墓葬、围沟、湿地,甚至已石化的动物粪便中都能找到丰富的植物遗存(种子、果实、木材、炭屑、叶、植硅体、孢粉、硅藻及淀粉粒等)~①。20世纪通过对中国北方旧石器时代古人类遗址(北京人、蓝田人)以及新石器时代、铜石并用时代和青铜器时代遗址中植物遗存的收集和研究,恢复了史前人类聚落和城址局部地区的环境和区域性植被~②。21世纪初期 I. INTRODUCTION With the development of Chinese archeology and the theory and method of various scientific and technological means, it has been integrated into the archeology of plant archeology. In many archaeological sites in China, such as caves, settlements, house sites, pits, cellar pits, tombs, Ditches, wetlands, and even petrified animal manure can be found abundant plant remains (seeds, fruits, wood, charcoal, leaves, phytoliths, spores, diatoms and starch grains) In the 20th century, through the collection and research of the ancient relics of the Paleolithic sites (Peking Man and Lantian people) and the plant relics in the Neolithic and Brass Stone Age sites and the Bronze Age sites in the north of China, the prehistoric human settlements and local areas of the city were restored Environment and regional vegetation ~ ②. Early 21st century