西方马克思主义者制造了“两个马克思”的神话:青年人道主义者和晚年哲学家,后者“背弃”了人道主义,用历史必然性的形而上学、庸俗的经济决定论代替了真正哲学的、人道主义的研究。一位颇有名气的“马克思学家”R·塔克尔在著作中写道:“有少数形形色色的哲学家,存在主义者、宗教思想家和马克思主义的反对派……在他们看来,原来的、‘人道主义’的马克思主义才是马克思不朽的、具有宝贵价值的重大创造,而(马克思 Western Marxists have created the myths of “two Marxists”: young humanitarians and later philosophers who “have renounced” humanism, replaced metaphysics of historical necessity and vulgar economic determinism in place of genuinely philosophical and humane Doctrine In his writings, R. Tucker, a famous Marxist writer, wrote: “There are a small number of philosophers, existentialists, religious thinkers and Marxist opposition ... in their opinion, The ”humanitarian" Marxism is Marx's immortal, valuable creation of great value, and (Marx