清末咨议局是立宪派活动的重要基地。武昌起义后,在立宪派力量较强省分的咨议局,表示拥护民主共和,倡导了和平独立;然而,在山东则是立宪派联合革命派推翻咨议局后一度实现和平独立的。因此,清末山东咨议局的问题,是很值得探讨研究的课题。应该承认,清末预备立宪是在民主革命潮流高涨形势下出现的一场旨在拉拢立宪派和缓国内革命浪潮的政治骗局,而筹设资政院及各省咨议局是这一骗局的重要内容。为此,清政 The end of the Qing court is an important base for constitutional activities. After the Wuchang uprising, the council with a strong cadet force in constitutional power expressed its support for a democratic republic and advocated peace and independence. However, in Shandong, it was for the time being that the united constitutionalist revolutionaries finally realized peace and independence after the overthrow of the council. Therefore, the issue of Shandong’s council in the late Qing Dynasty is worth studying and studying. It should be admitted that the constitutional preparatory constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty was a political scam aimed at catching up with the constitutionalists and easing the wave of the domestic revolution under the trend of the rise of the democratic revolution. It is an important part of this scam to raise funds for the State Council and provincial councils. To this end, the Qing government