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在古典国际贸易理论和新古典国际贸易理论中,总是存在一个重要的假设:产品是同质的。但是,现在我们观察到的事实是存在差异化产品。如何把差异化产品融入到国际贸易模型中去,是二战后国际贸易理论致力要解决的问题。差异化产品主要分为两类:水平差异化和垂直差异化。本文就从这两个方面对差异化产品的国际贸易模型做个梳理。
In classical international trade theory and neoclassical international trade theory, there is always an important assumption that products are homogeneous. However, what we observe now is the existence of differentiated products. How to integrate the differentiated products into the international trade model is a problem to be solved by the theory of international trade after World War II. Differentiated products can be divided into two categories: horizontal differentiation and vertical differentiation. This article reviews the international trade model of differentiated products from these two aspects.