水,是生命之源、生态之基。在地球上,哪里有水,哪里就有生命,一切生命皆起源于水。水是人类赖以生存和发展不可缺少的最重要的物质资源之一(图1)。水是生态环境改善不可分割的保障系统,有水则万物生,生态多样,种群繁多。湿地是重要的生态系统,它指位于陆生与水生生态系统之间的过渡性地带。湿地覆盖地球表面仅有6%,却为地球上20%的已知物种提供了生存环 Water is the source of life and the foundation of ecology. Wherever there is water on Earth, there is life, and all life begins with water. Water is one of the most important material resources indispensable for human survival and development (Figure 1). Water is an inseparable safeguard system for the improvement of the ecological environment. When water is used, everything grows, its ecology is diverse, and its population is huge. Wetlands are important ecosystems and refer to the transitional zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Wetlands cover only 6% of the earth’s surface, yet provide living rings for 20% of known species on Earth