本文运用现代经济学方法重新考察马克思主义政治经济学中的市场经济理论,深入阐述马克思主义政治经济学对固定资本内涵及其本质的分析,确立社会价值实现及经济危机产生的内在机制问题,进而确立了马克思主义政治经济学独特的投资成本补偿一价值实现的市场失灵分析框架,再次看到私人秩序与政府干预的重要性。因此,为了避免出现沉淀成本,需要采取各种制度或政策以补偿投资成本,使投资成本都能够得到及时补偿,不至于影响企业简单再生产过程。这样,结合现有西方经济学理论知识,尤其是交易成本、产权结构、委托代理以及政府宏观调控等理论,充分理解影响固定资本投资的各种因素,对政府干预市场做出新的理论解释和新的指导,关键在于加强沉淀成本与不确定性管理,对于当代中国马克思主义政治经济学发展具有重要的理论与现实意义。 This paper reexamine the theory of market economy in modern Marxist political economy by using modern economics method, elaborate the Marxist political economy’s analysis of the connotation and essence of fixed capital, establish the internal mechanism of social value realization and economic crisis, and then establish The unique investment cost of Marxist political economy compensates for the analytical framework of market failure by one value realization and again shows the importance of private order and government intervention. Therefore, in order to avoid the precipitation cost, various systems or policies need to be adopted to compensate for the investment cost so that the investment cost can be compensated in time without affecting the simple reproduction process of the enterprise. In this way, combined with the existing theoretical knowledge of Western economics, especially the theory of transaction costs, property rights structure, principal-agent and government macro-control, fully understand the various factors that affect fixed capital investment and make a new theoretical explanation for the government intervention in the market The key to the new guidance lies in strengthening the management of settling costs and uncertainty and has important theoretical and practical significance for the development of contemporary Chinese Marxist political economy.