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中秆紧凑、半紧凑型夏谷新种质94261、181 具有和以往育成的夏谷品种显著不同的特点:(1) 在遗传上脱离了与日本60 日、豫谷1 号的血缘关系,丰富了夏谷品种的遗传基础;(2)具有中秆紧凑、半紧凑,抗病、抗倒的特点,其抗源与日本60 日、豫谷1 号的衍生系统不同;(3)高产、稳产。因此,它们一经育成就在育种和生产上获得广泛应用,被用作育种的骨干亲本, 使育种的骨干亲本在日本60 日、豫谷1 号、鲁谷2 号、不5019、鲁谷5 号、冀谷6 号、新农724 的基础上增加了181、94261 两个新型亲本,种质基础也在原来的基础上扩展为日本60 日、米黄谷、小柳根、60 日还仓、日本早熟1 号、大白谷、绿穗谷。利用它们作亲本已选育出一些优良后代。本研究着重分析了该种质在育种和生产上获得应用的遗传、生理基础,并以此为基础就夏谷种质基础拓宽、新种质创新及其应用中的一些问题进行探讨。
The compact and semi-compact new summer germplasm 94261,181 with middle stalk has significantly different characteristics from those of the previously cultivated summer valleys: (1) It is genetically separated from the kinship with Japan 60 and Yugu 1, (2) It has the characteristics of compact, semi-compact, disease-resistant and anti-down in middle stalk. The source of its resistance is different from the derivative system of Japan 60 and Yugu 1. (3) High yield and stable yield. Therefore, they are widely used in breeding and production as soon as they have been bred, and are used as the backbone parents for breeding. The backbone parents of breeding in Japan 60, Yugu 1, Lugu 2, No 5019, Lugu 5, Jiugu 6, Xinnong 724 based on an increase of 181,94,261 two new parents, germplasm base also expanded on the basis of the original 60 days in Japan, Beige Valley, Koyanagi, 60-day warehouse, Japan 1 No. White Valley, Green Spike Valley. Using them as parents has bred some good offspring. This study focused on the genetic and physiological basis for the application of this germplasm in breeding and production. Based on this study, we discussed the basis of summer germplasm development, the innovation of new germplasm and its application.