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针对煤矿上覆采空区集中煤柱应力集中诱发下部工作面切顶造成支架压死这一科学问题,优化提出了井下钻孔爆破上覆采空区集中煤柱的治理方法,构建了集微震监测、岩层内部位移监测、地表裂缝与沉陷监测、矿压监测技术于一体的综合爆破治理效果评价方法。结果表明:与注浆治理法、缩短工作面法、地面钻孔爆破治理法相比,井下钻孔爆破治理法在技术经济比较中具有明显优势;煤矿上覆采空区爆破治理后微震事件数量(42个)和能量(1.21×106J)有显著增加、覆岩出现较为均匀的下沉、地表裂隙持续向前新增、来压步距正常,解除了过集中煤柱所造成的切顶压架风险,爆破治理保障了煤矿的安全生产。
In view of the scientific problem that the stress concentration of concentrated coal pillars in the coal mined goaf causes the scalpelling of the support due to the top cut of the lower working face, a method of controlling the concentrated coal pillars in the goaf over the borehole is optimized and a set of microseismic Monitoring, displacement monitoring within the formation, surface cracks and subsidence monitoring, rock pressure monitoring technology in an integrated blasting control effect evaluation method. The results show that compared with the grouting method, shortening the working face method and the ground blasting blasting method, the underground borehole blasting treatment method has obvious advantages in technical and economic comparison. The number of microseismic events after blasting treatment in the overlying goaf 42) and energy (1.21 × 106J) increased significantly, overburden strata appear more uniform sinking, the surface fissures continued to move forward to pressure step normal, lifting over the coal pillar caused by the overcut pressure racks Risk, blasting governance to protect the safety of coal mines.