《史通》和《文史通义》是中国古代史学评论的双璧,共同反映出历史编纂的理论自觉。刘知V、章学诚二人都重视总结史学演进的经验和教训,以理论的创新推进著史实践的发展;二人都具有强烈的批判意识,都有独到的哲学思想作指导,重“独断”之学,重“别识心裁”。刘知V处在断代史正史纂修的高峰期,他承担的主要使命是总结以往、提出著述的范式,他提出的范畴、命题内涵丰富,且颇具体系性。章学诚则处于正史末流在编纂上陷于困境阶段,其主要任务是开出新路,他洞察当时史识、史学、史才都成为史例的奴隶之严重积弊,又发现晚出的纪事本末体因事命篇的优点正是救治之良方,主张大力改造纪传体,创立新的体裁,其论述具有深刻的哲理性和明显的超前性。 “Stratton” and “literary history and righteousness” are two biographies of ancient Chinese historiography, which together reflect the theoretical consciousness of historical compilation. Liu Zhi-V and Zhang Xue-Cheng both attached great importance to summing up the experience and lessons learned from the evolution of historiography and promoted the development of historical practice through theoretical innovation. Both of them had a strong sense of criticism and both had unique philosophical thinking as their guide, “The study, heavy ” Do not know the heart ". Liu Zhizhi V is in the peak of the compilation of Zhengshi history of the dynasties. His main mission is to summarize the past and put forward the paradigm of his writings. The categories and propositions proposed by Liu are rich in content and systematic. Zhang Xuecheng was in the final stage of history and was in a difficult stage of compilation. His main task was to start a new road. He had a serious insight into the serious shortcomings of history when historians and historians became historians, The merit of this article is a good remedy. It advocates making great efforts to transform the discipline and creating a new genre. Its discourse has profound philosophical and obvious advance.