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采用求解能量本征方程、幺正变换及变分相结合的方法,研究声子和温度对球型量子点中极化子性质的影响.数值计算表明,声子效应导致极化子的基态能量低于电子能量,且极化子基态能量随电子-声子耦合强度的增大而降低.数值计算还表明,当温度较低,使得电子热运动能量小于声子能量时,声子不会被激发,极化子的基态能量不随温度的变化而变化;在温度较高,使得电子热运动能量大于声子能量时,电子和晶格热运动加剧,更多的声子被激发.极化子的基态能量随温度的升高而增大.
The effects of phonon and temperature on the properties of polaron in a spherical quantum dot are studied by solving the energy eigen equation, unitary transformation and variational method. Numerical calculations show that the phonon effect leads to the ground state energy Is lower than the electron energy, and the ground state energy of the polaron decreases with the increase of the electron-phonon coupling strength.Numerical calculations also show that the phonon is not affected by the temperature lower and the electron thermal kinetic energy is less than the phonon energy Excited, the ground state energy of the polaron does not change with the temperature; when the temperature is higher, the electron thermal kinetic energy is greater than the phonon energy, the thermal movement of the electron and the crystal lattice intensifies and more phonons are excited. The ground state energy increases with increasing temperature.