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水稻遭受的非生物逆境包括干旱、淹涝、盐害、低温、高温等。非生物逆境抗性有着复杂的遗传和分子基础,解析水稻非生物逆境抗性的机制将有助于抗逆新品种的培育。抗逆性受到很多小效应遗传位点的控制,成百上千个与形态和生理响应以及发育相关的基因和抗逆性相关。尽管在水稻中已鉴定了很多抗逆相关基因,但直接利用抗逆基因进行水稻抗逆遗传改良的成功例子还非常少。最近的抗逆基因功能研究发现,很多基因在形态和生理水平响应或调控不同的逆境,这为理解水稻复杂的抗逆机制提供了新的线索。现简要概述了近年来水稻主要非生物逆境抗性相关基因分离和功能鉴定方面的研究进展。
Abiotic stresses suffered by rice include drought, flooding, salt damage, low temperature and high temperature. Abiotic stress resistance has a complex genetic and molecular basis, and resolution of the mechanism of abiotic stress resistance in rice will contribute to the breeding of new resistant varieties. Stress resistance is controlled by many small-effect genetic loci, with hundreds of genes associated with morphological and physiological responses and development, and resistance. Although many anti-retrogradation-related genes have been identified in rice, there are very few successful examples of direct use of anti-retrotensive genes for genetic improvement in rice resistance. Recent studies on the function of stress-resistant genes found that many genes respond to or regulate different stresses at the morphological and physiological levels, providing new clues for understanding the complex mechanism of resistance in rice. The research progress of isolation and functional identification of major abiotic stress resistance related genes in rice in recent years is briefly summarized.