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在过去,生物学家们一直都认为细胞是永生的——只有成为有机体的组成部分时才会死亡。这种想法源于法国外科医生亚里克西斯·卡雷尔的研究。他培养小鸡的心脏细胞,以了解它们在体外可以存活多久。结果卡雷尔死于1944年,他死后两年依然存活的细胞才被丢弃。1961年,美国生物学家莱昂纳多·海弗里克指出卡雷尔的观点是错误的,细胞的生命是有限的。他培养了几种不同类型的人类细胞,发现它们总是在经过大约50次分裂后死去。实验开始时细胞的年龄越大,死亡之前所经历的生
In the past, biologists have always believed that cells are immortal - they die only when they become part of an organism. The idea stems from a study by French surgeon Alexis Karel. He cultivates the chick's heart cells to see how long they can survive in vitro. As a result, Karel died in 1944 and the cells that survived two years after his death were discarded. In 1961, the American biologist Leonardo Hayflik pointed out that Karel's point of view was wrong and that the life of the cell was limited. He cultivated several different types of human cells and found that they always died after about 50 divisions. The larger the age of the cells at the start of the experiment, the lifetime they experienced before they died