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西方科技决策模式自二战以来经历了从“政府-专家”二元主体决策模式向大众参与决策模式的转变,中国的科技决策模式也从专家主导转变为当今的政府主导模式。在不断演变的科技决策模式下,专家参与也展现出不同的特点。随着公众参与意识和参与能力的增强,以及二元主体科技决策模式弊端的凸显,我国的科技决策模式也必然向大众参与科技决策模式转变,专家参与也将向制度化、规范化发展。
Since the World War II, the decision-making model of science and technology in the West has undergone a shift from the “government-expert” dual-body decision-making model to the public participation decision-making model. China’s science and technology decision-making model has also shifted from expert leadership to the current government-led model. In the ever-evolving science and technology decision-making model, expert participation also shows different characteristics. With the public awareness of participation and ability to participate, as well as prominent drawbacks of science and technology decision-making model of the dual subject, China’s science and technology decision-making model must also change to the public participation in science and technology decision-making mode, and the participation of experts will also be institutionalized and standardized development.