目的 :探究血常规检查结果对于常见传染病的鉴别诊断发挥的作用。方法 :选取2013年4月~2015年4月我院收治的40例常见传染病患者,共分为2组:I组伤寒病组,II组组传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)组。另取20例正常成人(III组)与儿童(IV组)作为对照组,进行可比较分析。结果 :I组患者伤寒患者血检白细胞水平较低;II组IM患者白细胞计数正常或升高、异淋比值升高、淋巴细胞比值升高。结论 :血常规检查对于伤寒、IM等具有非常重要的诊断和鉴别价值,值得临床的重视研究。 Objective: To explore the role of blood test results in the differential diagnosis of common infectious diseases. Methods Forty cases of common infectious diseases in our hospital from April 2013 to April 2015 were selected and divided into two groups: Group Ⅰ of typhoid fever and Group II of infectious mononucleosis (IM). Another 20 normal adults (group III) and children (group IV) as a control group, for comparative analysis. Results: I group of patients with typhoid fever blood test low level of leukocytes; II group IM patients with normal or elevated leukocyte counts, different leaching ratio increased lymphocyte ratio. Conclusion: The blood tests have very important diagnostic and differential value for typhoid and IM, which deserves clinical attention.