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跨境资产追回是腐败犯罪打击的重要环节,牵动着资产流入国与资产流出国的共同利益。作为腐败犯罪的伴生现象,资产外逃已呈现全球扩展之势,并且愈演愈烈。在此背景下,《联合国反腐败公约》确立了资产追回机制,通过事前防范与事后追回的双效机制为资产的有效追回提供全面的解决方案。事前防范通过强化金融监管、建立财产申报制度以及促进金融信息国际交互的方式建立全面的事前审查机制。事后追回包含直接追回措施与间接追回措施:前者基于跨境司法交涉的方式,通过民事手段追缴资产;后者则借助没收与强制返还的方式追回资产。在跨境资产追回实践中,各缔约国应当积极贯彻《联合国反腐败公约》所确立的资产追回制度,促进资产追回国际合作的深化。
Cross-border asset recovery is an important part of the crackdown on corruption crimes, affecting the common interests of asset inflow countries and asset outflow countries. As a companion to corruption crimes, asset flight has shown a global trend of expansion and intensifying. In this context, the UNCAC established an asset recovery mechanism that provides a comprehensive solution to the effective recovery of assets through a two-effect mechanism of ex ante prevention and after-recovery. Pre-emptive prevention Establish comprehensive pre-screening mechanisms by strengthening financial regulation, establishing a declaration of property system and promoting international interaction of financial information. Post-recovery involves direct recovery measures and indirect recovery measures: the former trades assets by civil means on the basis of cross-border judicial representation and the latter recovers assets through confiscation and forced return. In the practice of cross-border asset recovery, each State Party should actively implement the asset recovery system established in the UN Anti-Corruption Convention and promote the deepening of international cooperation in asset recovery.