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研究与农机配套的农艺技术,对于促进农机农艺的深度融合、提高马铃薯生产效率具有重要意义。为寻求适宜于机械操作的马铃薯栽培措施,该文于2013—2016年连续4 a在不同降雨年型下设置不同颜色地膜(白膜和黑膜)、马铃薯穴播块数(1块和2块)、种植密度(72 720、51 945、40 395株/hm~2)处理,进行裂区试验,研究膜色穴块数和密度对旱作马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,不同降水年型旱作马铃薯采用黑色地膜覆盖、整薯或穴播2块以及缩小株距增加单位面积株数均能显著增加马铃薯的产量和水分利用效率,平均对产量影响大小是覆膜>播种块数>株距。其中,在黑膜覆盖条件下平均产量较白膜覆盖增产8.1%,且黑膜在不同年份对产量影响的大小顺序是:丰水年>平水年>歉水年。穴播2块较穴播1块增产12.9%;穴播块数在不同年份对产量的影响大小是歉水年>丰水年>平水年,歉水年份整薯播种增产效果大;种植密度对产量影响的年份顺序是平水年>丰水年>歉水年,株距减小,产量增加。同时,不同降水年型对马铃薯水分利用效率具有显著影响(歉水年>平水年>丰水年),农机农艺融合及集成栽培显著提高了旱地马铃薯水分利用效率。
It is of great significance to study the agronomic technology that is matched with agricultural machinery to promote the deep integration of agricultural agronomy and improve the production efficiency of potato. In order to find suitable potato cultivation measures suitable for mechanical operation, the paper set different color film (white film and black film), potato cavity (1 block and 2 pieces) under different rainfall years for 4 consecutive years from 2013 to 2016, , Planting density (72 720, 51 945, 40 395 plants / hm ~ 2). The effect of membrane color number and density on the yield and water use efficiency of dry land potato was studied. The results showed that the dry film mulching of black potato in different years of precipitation could increase the yield and water use efficiency of potatoes significantly with the increase of unit area and number of whole potatoes or seedlings, Number of blocks> spacing. Among them, the average yield increased by 8.1% compared with the white film coverage under the condition of black film coverage, and the order of the impact of the black film on the yield in different years was: wet years> flat-water years> apologized years. The results showed that seedling sowing number increased by 12.9% compared with 1 seedling sowing. The impact of seedling sowing number in different years on the yield was the apology water year> abundant water year> plain water year, Year sequence is flat water year> wet years> apologize year, spacing decreases, yield increases. At the same time, different years of precipitation had significant effects on water use efficiency of potato (apologies year> year of plain water> year of abundant water), agronomic integration and integrated cultivation of agricultural machinery significantly increased water use efficiency of potato in dryland.