认知储备概念为脑结构或功能损伤与实际临床表现间存在的差异提供了合理的解释，可能是精神疾病患者认知功能损害个体化的理论基础。现从认知储备的理论研究进展、评估方法等方面综述近年来相关研究进展，为其在精神疾病中的进一步研究提供依据。“,”The concept of cognitive reserve provides a reasonable explanation for the difference between brain structural or functional impairment and clinical manifestations, which may be the theoretical basis for the individualization of cognitive impairment in patients with psychiatric disorders. This article will review the progress of theoretical research and evaluation methods of cognitive reserve in recent years, so as to provide reference for further studies in psychiatric disorders.