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森林脑炎（ＴＢＥ）病毒是黄病毒科中的成员，象其它的黄病毒一样，基因组ＲＮＡ含有单个开放阅读框架，在基因组的５′端编码病毒的结构蛋白，在３′端编码非结构蛋白，翻译成聚蛋白后，通过细胞和病毒编码的蛋白酶裂解产生单个的病毒蛋白，成熟的病毒是由两个相关的Ｅ和Ｍ膜蛋白脂质包膜所包围的立体对称的核衣壳组成。包膜Ｅ蛋白在病毒的感染周期中对细胞的识别和穿入细胞具有极其重要的功能，同时Ｅ蛋白诱导保护性的免疫反应，Ｅ蛋白内某一位点单个氨基酸的改变可引起病毒毒力的改变。因此，对ＴＢＥ病毒分子生物学的研究有助于了解病毒与宿主细胞相互作用的机理，为病毒感染的异性诊断、疫苗的研制和抗病毒药物的设计提供理论依据。
Forest encephalitis (TBE) virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family. Like other flaviviruses, genomic RNA contains a single open reading frame that encodes the structural protein of the virus at the 5 ’end of the genome and the non-structural protein at the 3’ end , Translated into polyprotein, is cleaved by cellular and virally encoded proteases to produce a single viral protein that consists of a stereospecific nucleocapsid surrounded by two associated E and M membrane lipid envelopes. Envelope E protein plays an extremely important role in cell recognition and cell penetration during the viral infection cycle, while E protein induces a protective immune response. A single amino acid change at a site within the E protein can cause virulence Change. Therefore, the molecular biology of TBE virus helps to understand the mechanism of virus-host cell interaction and provides a theoretical basis for the diagnosis of heterosexual virus infection, the development of vaccine and the design of antiviral drugs.