本文对径向点荷载作用下的圆柱状试样进行了有限元各向同性和各向异性的线弹性分析、弹塑性分析。做了光学玻璃、砂质页岩和砂岩等材料试样点荷载试验。在得到圆柱形试样应力分布的基础上进行了破坏机理的讨论。玻璃试验与众不同,大都沿纵截面破坏。得到了抗拉强度公式和长径比应在1.0～1.4之间的结论。 In this paper, the finite element isotropic and anisotropic linear elastic analysis and elastoplastic analysis are performed for cylindrical specimens under radial point loads. Sample test of material samples such as optical glass, sandy shale and sandstone was performed. Based on the stress distribution of the cylindrical specimen, the failure mechanism was discussed. Different from the glass test, most of them break along the longitudinal section. The tensile strength formula and the aspect ratio should be between 1.0 and 1.4.