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【目的】探讨孕产期患者急性头痛的临床特点及头部影像学表现，分析颅脑影像学阳性结果与临床症状的关系。【方法】回顾性分析2008～2012年就诊于盛京医院孕产妇患者84例临床资料。患者均以急性头痛为主要表现，收集患者一般资料、临床特点、头部影像学表现，通过多因素logistic回归分析临床症状与颅脑影像学阳性结果的相关因素。【结果】头痛伴随症状以畏光（62例，73．8％）、恶心（58例，69．0％）、呕吐（50例，59．5％）最为常见；27例（32．1％）神经系统查体有阳性体征，其中偏身运动障碍（24例，28．6％）、复视（17例，20．2％）、偏身感觉障碍（9例，10．7％）最为常见。神经影像学检查发现有43例（51．2％）存在颅内病变，包括可逆性后部白质脑病、脑静脉窦血栓形成、脑出血、脑梗死、蛛网膜下腔出血。Logistic回归分析显示癫痫（OR＝8．564，CI 2．400～30．553， P ＝0．001）及偏瘫（O R＝7．687，C I 1．351～44．944， P ＝0．024）与颅脑影像学阳性有关。【结论】头痛为妊娠期常见并发症，伴有癫痫发作或偏瘫可能预测头部影像学阳性结果。“,”[Objective]To explore clinical features and head radiological performance of acute headache during pregnancy and puerperium ,and to analyze the relationship between cerebral positive imaging results and clinical symptoms .[Methods]A total of 84 patients with pregnancy and delivery in Shengjing hospital from 2008 to 2012 were analyzed retrospectively .The main manifestation of all patients was acute headache .General information , clinical features and radiological manifestations of patients were collected .Multifactor logistic regression was used to analyze the correlative factors of cerebral positive imaging results .[Results] The accompanying symptoms of headache such as photophobia (62 cases ,73 .8% ) ,nausea (58 cases ,69 .0% ) and vomiting (50 cases ,59 .5% ) were commonly seen .Neurological positive signs including partial body movement disorder (24 cases ,28 .6% ) , diplopia(17 cases ,20 .2% ) and hemidysesthesia (9 cases ,10 .7% ) were commonly seen in 27 cases (32 .1% ) . Neuroimaging examination showed that 43 cases(51 .2% ) had intracranial lesions including reversible posterior leu‐koencephalopathy ,cerebral venous sinus thrombosis ,cerebral hemorrhage ,cerebral infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage .Logistic regression analysis showed that epilepsy (OR=8 .564 ,CI 2 .400~30 .553 ,P =0 .001) and hemiplegia(OR=7 .687 ,CI 1 .351~44 .944 ,P =0 .024) were related with positive brain imaging .[Conclusion]Headache is a common complication during pregnancy and the puerperium .Headache accompanied by seizures or hemiplegia may predict brain imaging positive results .