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目前,国际援助的理论有多种,主要是三种: 1、两个“缺口”的理论。这是西方发展经济学界普遍流行的一种观点。两个“缺口”是指发展中国家在经济建设中投资资金不足与外汇短缺。长期以来,无论是援助国还是受援国都采用这一理论来分析和推行援助与受援政策。争取外援和贸易上的优惠待遇。2、在发展经济学中,很多经济学家认为,援助国之所以要提供援助,有其政治和经济动机,以及利己主义的经济动机。其中政治动机最为主要,特别是援助国早期对发展中国家的援助,大多是为了稳住受援国的统治。在这方面,美国表现最为突出,其早期的每个援助计划都与它改变国际形势的政治意图联系在一起。
At present, there are many theories of international aid, mainly three kinds: 1, two “gap” theories. This is a popular view in the field of Western development economics. The two “gaps” are the lack of funds for investment and the shortage of foreign exchange in economic construction in developing countries. For a long time, both donors and recipients have used this theory to analyze and implement aid and aid policies. Strive for preferential treatment on foreign aid and trade. 2. In the economics of development, many economists think that aid countries have to provide aid, both with political and economic motives, and economic motives of egoism. Among them, the political motivation is the most important. In particular, aid to developing countries in the early stage of aid was mostly aimed at stabilizing the domination of recipient countries. In this regard, the United States has the most outstanding performance. Each of its early aid programs was linked to its political intention to change the international situation.