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本文利用北京有关水买卖的档案文书,对20世纪前半叶自来水公司事业的发展历程、明代中期以来北京居民的生活用水是如何得以确保的、供水服务业如何开展服务、供水业者又是如何参与北京的社会经济生活展开讨论。作者认为水买卖是随着城市的发展和人们日常生活需要所催生的,而且供水业者也同其他行业如脚夫、火夫一样,存在垄断现象。尽管很多经营者因为户籍限制而无法完全融入城市之中,但他们凭借独特的经营方式,渗入到城市居民的日常生活之中,并影响着他们的生活。因此,我们考察城市化的过程中不能忽视他们的存在。
This article uses Beijing’s archives of water trade to explain how the water company’s business in the first half of the 20th century developed and how Beijing’s water supply for domestic use has been ensured since the mid-Ming Dynasty. How does the water supply service carry out service and how water suppliers participate in Beijing? Social and economic life of the discussion. The author believes that water trading is driven by the development of the city and the needs of people’s daily life, and the water supplier has the same monopoly as other industries such as footmen and firefighters. Although many operators can not fully integrate into the cities because of their household registration restrictions, they infiltrate the daily life of urban residents and influence their lives by virtue of their unique mode of operation. Therefore, we can not neglect their existence in the process of urbanization.