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目的了解吉林省长春市城区居民对烟草危害的认知及对公共场所禁烟态度,为开展针对性控烟工作提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样法,抽取长春市城区2 233户家庭,从每户家庭中随机抽取1名成员进行个人问卷调查,共访谈2 213人。结果长春市居民对吸烟导致肺癌、心肌梗塞、中风、阴茎勃起障碍及所有4种疾病的知晓率分别为91.4%、62.9%、48.8%、22.6%、17.1%,高学历者吸烟导致疾病知晓率高于低学历者,除中风外,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);二手烟暴露导致成人心脏病、成人肺部疾病、儿童肺部疾病的知晓率分别为61.0%、83.8%、75.4%,不同教育程度知晓率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);34.7%的居民认为淡味、温和及低焦油卷烟的危害同普通卷烟差不多;居民对餐馆、酒吧禁烟的支持率分别为76.2%、57.5%,对工作场所、餐馆、酒吧、出租车禁烟的支持率非吸烟者高于吸烟者,女性高于男性,差异均有统计学意义。结论长春市居民对烟草危害的认知及控烟支持率均高于2010年全国水平,但对吸烟及二手烟危害的认识仍不全面,需加强宣传,对餐馆及酒吧禁烟支持率有待提高。
Objective To understand the cognition of residents in Changchun City of Jilin Province about the harms of tobacco and their attitude toward no-smoking in public places, so as to provide the basis for targeted tobacco control work. Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to sample 2 233 families in Changchun City. One member was randomly selected from each household for personal questionnaire survey, and a total of 2113 people were interviewed. Results The residents of Changchun knew 91.4%, 62.9%, 48.8%, 22.6% and 17.1% of the patients with lung cancer, myocardial infarction, stroke, penile erectile dysfunction and all four diseases by smoking respectively. (P <0.001). The awareness rates of adult heart disease, adult lung disease and childhood lung disease in secondhand smoke exposure were 61.0% and 83.8% respectively, 75.4% respectively. There were significant differences in awareness of different educational levels (P <0.001); 34.7% of the residents considered the mild, mild and low-tar cigarettes as harmful as ordinary cigarettes; residents’ support rate for non-smoking restaurants and bars was 76.2 %, 57.5% respectively. The support rate for non-smokers in workplaces, restaurants, bars and taxis is higher than that in smokers and women are higher than men. The differences are statistically significant. Conclusion The residents of Changchun City, the awareness of tobacco hazards and tobacco control support were higher than the national level in 2010, but the awareness of smoking and second-hand smoke hazards are still not comprehensive, need to step up publicity, ban on smoking in restaurants and bars to be improved.