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目的:研究杭白菊干物质累积及氮、磷、钾吸收规律。方法:通过田间试验和采样分析研究杭白菊不同生长期植株的生长量及对氮、磷、钾的吸收量。结果表明,移栽后60~150 d植株干物质积累量占总积累量的70.4%。移栽后60 d内植株干物质主要分配在叶中,60~150 d茎中干物质分配比率高于叶,150~210 d花干物质分配比率最大,其次为根。移栽后45 d内植株对氮磷钾吸收积累量较少。45~150 d氮磷钾吸收积累量占整个生育期的71.86%,63.81%,62.94%,150~210 d植株对氮素的吸收量增长缓慢,磷素、钾素的吸收积累量迅速上升。在不同生育期内,氮磷钾在不同器官的分配比率不同,移栽后150 d内氮磷钾主要分布在茎叶中,150 d后逐渐向花和根部转移,转运效率氮>磷>钾。结论:整个生育期内杭白菊对钾的积累量最大,氮次之,磷最小。吸收比例N-P2O5-K2O为1∶0.88∶1.58。相关分析表明植株干物质积累与氮磷钾积累呈显著正相关,每形成1 g干物质,需要同化5.198 mg N,4.330 mg P2O5,7.139 mg K2O。
Objective: To study the dry matter accumulation of Chrysanthemum morifolium and its absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Methods: The growth and the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of plants in different growth stages of Chrysanthemum morifolium were studied by field experiments and sampling analysis. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of 60-150 d after transplanting accounted for 70.4% of the total accumulation. Within 60 days after transplanting, the dry matter of plant was mainly distributed in the leaves. The dry matter partition ratio of stems in 60-150 d was higher than that of leaves. The distribution ratio of dry matter of flowers was the largest in 150-210 d, followed by the roots. Within 45 days after transplanting, the accumulation of N, P, K in plants was less. The uptake of N, P, K from 45 to 150 d accounted for 71.86%, 63.81%, 62.94% of the total growth period. The nitrogen uptake by 150 ~ 210 d plants increased slowly and the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium increased rapidly. In different growth stages, the distribution rates of NPK in different organs were different. Within 150 days after transplanting, N, P and K were mainly distributed in the stems and leaves, and gradually transferred to the flowers and roots 150 days after transplanting. The translocation efficiency of N> P> K . Conclusion: Chrysanthemum has the largest accumulation of potassium in the whole growth period, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. Absorption ratio N-P205-K20 is 1: 0.88: 1.58. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between plant dry matter accumulation and N, P and K accumulation. Each formation of 1 g dry matter required assimilation of 5.198 mg N, 4.330 mg P2O5 and 7.139 mg K2O.