目的:探讨术中超声辅助神经内镜经侧裂入路治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的手术疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年12月在青岛市市立医院神经外科及无锡市第二人民医院神经外科收治并手术治疗的基底节区高血压脑出血患者共66例，所有患者术前均无脑疝形成，超声定位血肿并确定进入血肿腔路径，内镜下经侧裂-岛叶入路行血肿清除，并应用超声探测有无血肿残留。术后CT观察血肿清除率，术后半年随访并应用Barthel指数评价日常生活活动能力。结果:66例患者中63例残余血肿量<10%，3例残余血肿量为10%~20%。术后并发肺炎11例，其中9例行经皮气管切开术；再出血2例，出血量均较小，无需再手术；继发颅内感染1例；继发脑积水1例；无1例并发脑挫伤。术后半年Barthel指数分级法评分：Ⅰ级3例，Ⅱ级25例，Ⅲ级34例，Ⅳ级3例，死亡1例。结论:术中超声辅助神经内镜经侧裂入路有助于提高基底节区高血压脑出血手术的疗效及安全性.“,”Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of intraoperative ultrasound-assisted neuroendoscopy for treating hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) via lateral fissure and insula approach.Methods:The clinical data of 66 patients with HICH in basal ganglia who underwent intraoperative ultrasound-assisted neuroendoscopy via lateral fissure and insula approach for hematoma evacuation were retrospectively analyzed, including operative data and follow-up results. All patients had no brain hernia before operation. The hematoma was located by the ultrasound and then the path into the hematoma cavity was determined. Meanwhile, the residual hematoma was also detected by using the ultrasound. The clearance rate of hematoma was observed by CT. Barthel index was used to evaluate the activity of daily living.Results:The amount of residual hematoma was less than 10% in 63 ases and 10%-20% in 3 cases. There were 11 cases of postoperative pneumonia, of whom 9 cases underwent percutaneous tracheotomy. Rebleeding occurred in 2 cases, but the amount was small, and there was no need for reoperation. Meanwhile, there was 1 case of secondary intracranial infection and 1 case of secondary hydrocephalus. No case of cerebral contusion was reported. Half a year after the operation, Barthel Index grading showed that there were 3 cases of grade I, 25 cases of grade Ⅱ, 34 cases of grade Ⅲ, 3 cases of grade Ⅳ and 1 case of death, respectively.Conclusions:Intraoperative ultrasound-assisted neuroendoscopy via lateral fissure and insula approach can improve the efficacy and safety of treatment for HICH.