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为了进一步了解腰背区的神经供给及配合腰腿痛病因研究的目的,我们解剖了100侧中国成人尸体的臀上皮神经。据本组观察,臀上皮神经可由胸_(12)、腰_(1～5)和骶_1脊神经后外侧支的皮支成分组成。参与此神经的组成情况如下:胸_(12)40例,腰_1及腰_2各100例,腰_3 96例,腰_4 48例,腰_5 11例,骶_1 4例。我们的观察表明腰_(4,5)脊神经后支有大量的外侧皮支,这与以往文献引用的胚胎学的说法不一致——后者否认腰_(4,5)脊神经后支有外侧皮支。根据我们的资料,我们把臀上皮神经分成四型:单支型1例;二支型15例;三支型66例;四支型18例。臀上皮神经的内侧支和最内侧支之半数以上,穿过附于髂嵴的腰背筋膜后层附着部的深面,进入臀部浅筋膜中。当腰部急剧扭转时,此附着部对神经的牢固固定及紧张的牵拉可能部分地有助于这些穿支的损伤。骶棘肌外侧缘与髂嵴之交点或该点稍内侧处,为臀上皮神经穿出的体表定位点。
To further understand the neurological supply in the lumbar region and to assist in the research of the etiology of lumbar and lower back pain, we dissected the superior gluteal nerve of 100 Chinese adult cadaver. According to the observation of this group, the superior gluteal nerve can be composed of the thoracic (12), lumbar (1 to 5) and the branch of the posterior lateral branch of the sacral-1 spinal nerve. Participate in the composition of the nerve are as follows: chest _ (12) 40 cases, waist _1 and waist _2 of 100 cases, waist _3 96 cases, waist 48 cases, waist _5 11 cases, sacral _1 4 cases . Our observations indicate that the posterior branch of the lumbar spine (4,5) posterior branch has a large number of lateral branches, which is inconsistent with the previously cited references to embryology - the latter denies the posterior branch of the lumbar (4,5) support. According to our data, we divide the gluteal nerve into four types: single type in 1 case, two types in 15 cases, three types in 66 cases and four types in 18 cases. The medial branch of the gluteal nerve and the medial branch of more than half, through the iliac crest attached to the back of the back fascia lamina deep into the superficial fascia of the buttocks. When the waist is turned sharply, the firm fixation of the attachment to the nerve and the tight tension may partially contribute to the damage of these wearable branches. Sacral spine muscle lateral margin and the intersection of the iliac crest or the point slightly inside the Department, the gluteal nerve piercing the body surface fixation point.