目的:了解成都市某社区居民两周患病的主要情况和两周疾病就诊情况，为更好地提供卫生服务提供参考。方法:2019年3—4月采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法，对社区常住居民进行问卷调查。运用描述性分析了解调查对象两周患病情况、疾病严重程度（两周内患病伤持续天数、卧床天数、休工天数和休工率等）及就诊情况，采用logistic回归分析两周患病的影响因素。结果:本次调查成都市某社区居民共2 714名，715人存在两周患病，共900人次，两周患病率为26.3%；两周患病的主要症状分别为头晕（6.4%，58/900）、咳嗽（6.2%，56/900）、腰腿痛（4.9%，44/900）、心慌/心悸（3.3%，30/900）和头痛（3.1%，28/900）；两周患病前3位病种为高血压（38.3%，345/900）、糖尿病（19.3%，174/900）和感冒（6.4%，58/900）。本次调查两周患病卧床率为20.6‰（56/2 714），休工率为4.8‰（13/2 714）；年龄、性别、文化程度及工作状况是居民两周患病的影响因素（n P<0.05）；居民患病后对各级医疗机构的就诊选择也不同。n 结论:在基层卫生服务的过程中，应重点关注高龄、女性、文化程度低、离退休和失业/无业等重点人群；明确各级医疗机构的服务定位，引导患者合理分流。“,”Objective:To survey the status of illness and consultation within two weeks among residents in a community in Chengdu.Methods:A multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to carry out a questionnaire survey among the residents in a community in Chengdu during March to April 2019. The disease status, disease severity and consultation within two weeks were surveyed, and influencing factors of two-week illness were analyzed with logistic regression.Results:Among 2 714 participants, 715 had illness (900 times) within two weeks, with a two-week prevalence rate of 26.3%. The main symptoms were dizziness (6.4%, 58/900), cough (6.2%, 56/900), lumbago and leg pain (4.9%, 44/900), palpitations (3.3%, 30/900) and headache (3.1%, 28/900). The three most common diseases were hypertension (38.3%, 345/900), diabetes (19.3%, 174/900) and common cold (6.4%, 58/900). In this survey, the rate of two-week in bed was 20.6‰(56/2 714), and the rate of two-week off work was 4.8‰(13/2 714). Age, gender, education level and work status were the influencing factors of the illness in two weeks (n P<0.05). The choice of medical institution was also different among residents.n Conclusion:The survey suggest that primary care should focus on the key groups of residents in the community such as elderly, women, low education level, retirement and unemployed; and it is necessary to strengthen the primary care institutions and two-way referral system of health care.