长期以来，洪水威胁着长江流域人民的生命安全，根治水患已是当务之急。而生态环境的破坏是造成水灾的最重要的因素。在探讨生态恶化与水灾的关系之后，提出只有保护生态环境才能从根本上战胜水患的观点，而保护生态环境应走可持续发展的道路。针对水灾防治和生态保护提出了一系列的措施，包括：封山育林、退耕还湖、控制污染物排放、发展生态旅游、西水北调、控制人口与移民等。 For a long time, floods threaten the lives and safety of people in the Yangtze River basin. It is imperative to cure floods. The destruction of the ecological environment is the most important factor in causing floods. After discussing the relationship between ecological deterioration and floods, we put forward the view that only by protecting the ecological environment can we fundamentally defeat the floods, and to protect the ecological environment should take the road of sustainable development. A series of measures have been put forward to prevent and control floods and ecological protection, including: closing hillsides for afforestation, returning farmland to lake, controlling pollutant discharge, developing eco-tourism, controlling water diversion from the west to the north and population control and immigration.