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多相催化过程不仅在化学工业上占有相当的地位,同时也是化学动力学上的一个重要部分。为了解决各种实际问题,各国科学家对多相催化反应的机构曾进行详细的研究,并建立很多的催化学说。某些学说指出:多相催化反应是由于反应物分子在催化剂表面的吸附(如 Faraday 1833年的物理吸附学说,Taylor1931年的活性吸附学说等)和变形(1856年的分子变形假说等)所致;另一些学说则着重说明催化剂表面上活性中心的结构和作用(1929年的多质点集团论和1946年的活性集团学说)。根据化学动力学上的中间状态论,在多相催化反应中有不稳定的活化络合物(activated complex)形成,因此可用统计热力学方法计算它的绝对速度(Eyring 等的绝对反应速度论)。学说虽多,各有说法,迄今尚不能建立一个普
Heterogeneous catalysis not only occupies a considerable position in the chemical industry, but also an important part of chemical kinetics. In order to solve various practical problems, scientists in various countries conducted detailed research on the mechanism of heterogeneous catalytic reactions and established a lot of catalytic theory. Some doctrines state that the heterogeneous catalysis is due to the adsorption of reactant molecules on the catalyst surface (eg Faraday’s physical adsorption theory of 1833, Taylor’s 1931 life-form factor) and deformation (the molecular deformation hypothesis of 1856, etc.) While others focus on the structure and function of active sites on the surface of catalysts (the multi-particle group theory of 1929 and the active group theory of 1946). According to the intermediate state theory of chemical kinetics, there is an unstable activated complex formed in a heterogeneous catalytic reaction, so its absolute velocity (Eyring et al., Absolute Reaction Rate Theory) can be calculated by statistical thermodynamics. Although there are many doctrines, each has its own way of saying that so far it can not establish a general rule