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脑室周围出血（ＰＶＨ）和脑室周围白质软化（ＰＶＬ），是胎儿及新生儿常见的一种严重脑损害，常由于突然的脑血流动力学改变、脑血管灌注减少等因素导致的脑缺血缺氧引起。严重者可出现神经系统症状及神经系统发育及精神发育迟滞。本病的发生与胎龄密切相关，胎龄越小发病卓越高，孕２６周前新生儿生长基质出血及脑室内出血的发生率分别为５０％及７０％。孕足月时其发生率降至５％以下。研究表明消炎痛及类固醇激素对本病有一定的防治作用。产前高危筛选及使用类固醇激素对缺血缺氧性脑损害有明显预防作用。
Peripheral hemorrhage (PVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) are a common form of brain injury in the fetus and newborn, often caused by sudden changes in cerebral hemodynamics and decreased cerebral vascular perfusion Caused by hypoxia. In severe cases, there may be nervous system symptoms and nervous system development and mental retardation. The incidence of this disease is closely related with the gestational age, gestational age, the higher the incidence of outstanding gestational age 26 weeks before pregnancy, neonatal growth and bleeding matrix intraventricular hemorrhage rates were 50% and 70%. Pregnancy, the incidence of its full moon drops below 5%. Studies have shown that indomethacin and steroid hormones have a preventive effect on the disease. High-risk prenatal screening and steroid hormones have a significant preventive effect on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.