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植物中的植物碱、有机酸等化学成份可杀灭病菌、害虫。人们把这些用来杀菌除虫的植物及其制剂统称为植物性农药。这种农药具有对人畜和有益生物比较安全,无残留、对环境友善等许多优点,且开发费用也低廉。现列举几种可作为农药的植物。除虫菊是菊科宿根性草本植物,江南各地都有种植。除虫菊花中含有的除虫菊素,对昆虫有较强的触杀、胃毒作用,能防治蚊、蝇、虱、蚤、臭虫等卫生害虫;杀灭蚜虫、黑尾叶蝉、螟虫、绵虫、椿虫、介壳虫、毛虫等农业害虫;驱除家畜体外的寄生虫,现广泛用于制造蚊香。马醉木这是杜鹃科的野生小灌木,叶中有效成份马醉木素,毒性高,纯品为一种三棱形的晶体,能溶于水。将这种树的叶子耕埋在土中,可以防除地下害虫。若把叶、茎或树皮的浸出液配成液剂,可以防除蚜虫、壁虱及一般软体害虫。
Plant alkaloids, organic acids and other chemical ingredients can kill germs, pests. People used to disinfect these pests and their preparations referred to as botanical pesticides. This kind of pesticide has many advantages such as being safer to humans, livestock and beneficial organisms, no residue and being environment-friendly, and the development cost is also low. Here are some of the plants that can be used as pesticides. Pyrethrum is a perennial herb of Asteraceae, with planting all over the South China. Pyrethrum contains pyrethrins, insects have a strong touch, stomach poisoning, can prevent mosquitoes, flies, lice, fleas, bugs and other health pests; kill aphids, rice leafhoppers, stem borers, cotton worm, Insects, scale insects, caterpillars and other agricultural pests; get rid of livestock parasites in vitro, is now widely used in the manufacture of mosquito coils. Horse drunk This is the cuckoo branch of the wild small shrub, the active ingredient in the leaf horse drunk lignin, high toxicity, pure as a triangular crystal, soluble in water. Burying the leaves of this tree in the soil can prevent underground pests. If the leaves, stems or bark leaching solution dubbed liquid, you can control aphids, ticks and the general software insects.