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台湾的活动山脉带是由吕宋弧和亚洲大陆碰撞产生的。这种碰撞是琉球-台湾-吕宋地区(图1)的晚新生代地球动力史的重要事件。在台湾造山带中,晚新生代火山岩分布广泛,并以极多的岩石类型为特征,它们大概是在不同的构造背景中形成的,包括板内玄武岩、岛弧安山岩、洋中脊衍生蛇绿岩及碰撞后拉张形成的超钾质岩。 Yen(1958)、(1982)识别出了台湾三个火成岩区,即西区、东区和北区(图2)。Liu和Wang(1982)示出了这些区的地理分布并讨论了基本的构造含意。需指出,每个区反映了台湾周围的一种独特构造环境(表1)。最近十年中已进行了多次火山岩的地球化学研究,目的旨在了解台湾岛地球动力演化及岩浆形成过程。 本文首先提供了台湾的大地构造格架,其次将给出一张火山区简图,并概述火山岩的化学和同位素特征,最后,根据Teng(1990)提出的弧-陆碰撞模式,将讨论台湾的构造岩浆演化,重点在晚新生代岩浆作用和大地构造环境之间的时空关系。
Taiwan’s mountain ranges are created by the collision of the Luzon arc with the continent of Asia. This collision is an important event in the history of late Cenozoic Earth’s forces in the Ryukyu-Taiwan-Luzon region (Figure 1). In the Taiwan Orogenic Belt, Late Cenozoic volcanics are widely distributed and are characterized by a very large number of rock types that are probably formed in different tectonic settings, including intraplate basalts, island arc andesite, mid-ocean ridge derived ophiolite Rocks and extensional ultra-potassic rocks formed after the collision. Yen (1958), (1982) identified three igneous rocks in Taiwan, the western, eastern and northern regions (Figure 2). Liu and Wang (1982) show the geographical distribution of these areas and discuss the basic tectonic implications. It should be pointed out that each district reflects a unique tectonic setting around Taiwan (Table 1). In recent ten years, many geochemical studies of volcanic rocks have been conducted to understand the evolution of the earth’s surface and the magmatic formation on the island of Taiwan. This paper first provides a geotectonic framework for Taiwan, followed by a volcano plot and an overview of the chemical and isotopic characteristics of volcanic rocks. Finally, based on the arc-continent collision model proposed by Teng (1990) The evolution of tectonic magmatism focuses on the spatio-temporal relationship between Late Cenozoic magmatism and tectonic setting.