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目的了解儿童家长对预防接种不良反应的相关知识和态度,为促进免疫规划工作提供依据。方法自行设计调查问卷,采用整群抽样方法选取宁波市江北区463名0~6岁儿童的家长,开展预防接种不良反应相关知识和态度调查。结果儿童家长预防接种不良反应知识知晓率为77.75%(360/463)。本地儿童家长知晓率(82.71%)高于流动儿童家长(71.07%)(P<0.05),文化程度和家庭年收入较高的家长,预防接种不良反应知识知晓率相对较高。83.80%(388/463)的家长认为预防接种效果和接种安全性同样重要。66.74%(309/463)的家长认为严重不良反应的告知会影响给孩子接种疫苗的决定,本地儿童的家长因此选择同类其他疫苗替代的比例高于流动儿童的家长(P<0.05);文化程度越高或家庭年收入越高的家长选择替代疫苗的比例也越高(P<0.05)。结论儿童家长预防接种不良反应知识知晓率有待提高,应开展多种形式的宣传教育,强化预防接种相关知识。
Objective To understand the knowledge and attitudes of children’s parents about the adverse reactions of vaccination and provide the basis for promoting immunization planning. Methods The questionnaire was designed by ourselves. The parents of 463 children aged 0-6 years in Jiangbei District of Ningbo City were selected by cluster sampling method to investigate the knowledge and attitudes about adverse reactions of vaccination. Results The awareness rate of adverse reactions of vaccination among children was 77.75% (360/463). The awareness rate of local children’s parents (82.71%) was higher than that of migrant children’s parents (71.07%) (P <0.05), while that of parents with higher educational attainment and family annual income was higher. 83.80% (388/463) considered the vaccination effect and safety of vaccination equally important. 66.74% (309/463) believed that the notification of serious adverse reactions would affect the decision of vaccinating their children. Parents in local children therefore chose to replace their parents with other similar vaccines more than their parents (P <0.05) The higher the proportion of parents who choose alternative vaccines, the higher their annual incomes (P <0.05). Conclusion The awareness rate of children with parental immunization knowledge needs to be improved. Various forms of publicity and education should be carried out to strengthen the knowledge about vaccination.