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从马克·布洛赫就中世纪文献中时间指示不明而做出的时间感淡漠的结论出发,综述了勒戈夫和古列维奇等历史学家的看法,他们认为中世纪的时间观呈现多样性,既有基督教的线形的时间观又有古代传统的循环时间观,有教会垄断的时间,也有市民社会兴起的资本主义工业的精确时间。另外,从哲学角度看,既有古代亚里士多德的时间为“运动之数”的物理时间观,也有以圣奥古斯丁为代表的将永恒与时间截然分开的观念。总体来说,中世纪的时间观是呈现为定性而非定量的。本文以菲利普梅纳尔的文章为先导,试图以特鲁瓦的克莱蒂安的骑士传奇为文本,从历史观、叙事中的时间指示和叙事结构的时序几个方面来梳理中世纪骑士文学中所表现的时间观。我们看到文学作品中的时间观是错综的,这也符合了勒戈夫等人所论的中世纪没有统一的时间观念的论题,但同时我们看到作为现代“小说”的前身,骑士传奇在时间表述方面具有极强的容纳力。
Starting from the conclusion of Mark Bloch’s indifference of time in the medieval texts with unclear time indications, historians such as Le Goff and Gurvitch are summarized and they consider the diversity of time concepts in the Middle Ages , Both the Christian linear time concept and the ancient traditional cycle of time view, the church monopoly time, but also the rise of civil society capitalist industry, the exact time. In addition, from a philosophical point of view, both the ancient Aristotelian time is the physical time concept of “the number of movements” and the notion of separating eternity from time as represented by St. Augustine. In general, the medieval concept of time is qualitative rather than quantitative. This article, based on Philip Maynard ’s article, attempts to use Knight Klein’ s knight ’s legend as a text to sort out medieval knights’ literature from the aspects of history, time indication in narration and time sequence of narrative structure The performance of the concept of time. We can see that the concept of time in literary works is intricate, which is also in line with the thesis that there was no unified concept of time in the Middle Ages by Legover et al. However, at the same time, we can see that as the predecessor of the modern “novel” Legend has a very strong capacity to describe the time.