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目的调查山西籍大学生颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)的患病情况,探讨相关发病因素。方法于2012年3—7月采用随机整群抽样方法抽取太原市4所高校521名21~23岁山西籍大学生(男206名、女315名)进行问卷调查和口腔检查。TMD体征阳性者为病例组,阴性为对照组,应用非条件Logistic回归模型和χ2检验对调查结果进行分析。结果 TMD体征阳性者258名(占49.52%),其中表现为关节弹响和杂音181名(占70.16%),下颌运动异常95名(占36.82%),肌肉疼痛37名(占14.34%),关节弹响和杂音的发生率较高;男性TMD体征阳性94名(占45.63%),女性TMD体征阳性164名(占52.06%),男女患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。咬合紊乱和下颌第三磨牙阻生是这一年龄段人群TMD发生的主要危险因素。下颌第三磨牙阻生199名(占38.20%),其中TMD阳性118名(占59.30%);无下颌第三磨牙阻生322名(占61.80%),其中TMD阳性140名(占43.48%);下颌第三磨牙阻生组TMD阳性率高于无下颌第三磨牙阻生组(P<0.05)。结论山西籍大学生TMD患病率较高,症状以关节弹响和杂音为主,男女患病率差异无统计学意义;下颌第三磨牙阻生是TMD发生的重要危险因素之一。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in Shanxi college students and to explore the related risk factors. Methods From March to July 2012, 521 college-aged Shanxi college students aged 21 to 23 years old (206 males and 315 females) from 4 colleges and universities in Taiyuan City were selected for questionnaire and oral examination by random cluster sampling method. TMD positive signs for the case group, negative for the control group, non-conditional Logistic regression model and χ2 test analysis of the survey results. Results There were 258 TMD positive patients (49.52%) with TMD and noise (181) (70.16%), 95 mandibular dysplasia (36.82%) and muscle pain (14.34%), There were 94 males with TMD signs (45.63%) and 164 (52.06%) females with TMD signs. There was no significant difference between males and females (P> 0.05). Occlusal disorders and impacted mandibular third molars are the major risk factors for TMD in this age group. There were 199 TMD positive patients (accounting for 38.20%), 118 TMD positive patients (59.30%), 322 non-mandibular third molar patients (61.80%), 140 TMD positive patients (43.48%), The positive rate of TMD in the third molars impacted group was higher than that in the third molars impacted group (P <0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of TMD in Shanxi college students is high, the symptoms are mainly snapping and murmur, and there is no significant difference between male and female prevalence rate. The impaction of mandibular third molars is one of the important risk factors of TMD.