为了对周围世界进行令人信服的描绘,艺术家不仅需要掌握工艺家的实际操作技能,而且需要一定的科学知识。一位在1487年创作了《潘林斯图佛祭坛》(The Peringsdorffer Altar)的艺术家,在画中描绘了圣徒路加给圣母玛丽亚作画的情景,由于不懂光学原理,竟大出洋相。因为如果按照图中所描绘的那样,圣徒路加根本不可能看见他所画的对象,除非他创造了什么奇迹。然而阿尔伯莱恰特· In order to provide a convincing picture of the world around him, artists not only need to master the practical skills of craftsmen but also need some scientific knowledge. One of the artists who created the Peringsdorffer Altar in 1487 depicts the scene of Saint Lukas painting the Virgin Mary in the paintings, which is largely out of touch with the principles of optics. Because, as depicted in the diagram, it is impossible for Saint Luke to see the object of his painting unless he has created a miracle. However, Albrechtschart