欧洲人民民主国家,如罗马尼亚、匈牙利和波兰以及特别是保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚,在解放前都是一些工业不发达、经济落后的农业国。罗马尼亚国民经济中农业占着统治的地位;波兰从事农业的人口占全国人口百分之六十四;保加利亚的国民收入中百分之五十二来自农业;没有什么大工业的阿尔巴尼亚更不用说了。在工矿业方面,波兰的煤,罗马尼亚的石油,保加利亚的铅矿和锌矿,无一不为外资所控制。匈牙利虽然有一些轻工业,但几乎没有机器制造业.再就轻工业比较发达的捷克斯洛伐克来说,它所需要的原料和装备都依赖从资本主义国家输入.一般说来:土地集中在大地主手里, European democracies, such as Romania, Hungary and Poland, and particularly Bulgaria and Albania, were economically underdeveloped and economically backward agricultural countries until the liberation. Agriculture in the Romanian national economy dominates; Poland’s agricultural population accounts for 64 per cent of the population; Bulgaria’s national income 52 per cent comes from agriculture; and Albania, which has no major industry, not to mention . In the mining industry, Poland’s coal, Romania’s oil, Bulgaria’s lead and zinc mines are controlled by foreign investment. Although there is some light industry in Hungary, there is almost no machine-building industry, and for Czechoslovakia, where the light industry is more developed, the raw materials and equipment needed depend on inputs from the capitalist countries Generally, the land is concentrated in the hands of landlords ,