论文部分内容阅读
1998年以来积极财政政策的工具性效果不足和经济运行失衡是中国经济的两个突出问题 ,二者具有承继关系 ,都受到同一转轨背景下的体制性约束。由于现阶段中的市场机制还只是框架性的 ,导致经济失衡和失业问题的原因不同于一般性的市场失灵 ,以启动经济自主增长作为积极财政政策的目标缺乏体制上的内在机理。经济运行的失衡则是消费的体制性压抑、投资的体制性冲动双重约束的结果。本文认为 ,目前中国经济运行中的问题是结构性的 ,其实质是转轨过程中传统体制性约束导致的市场机制运行障碍 ,是市场机制不成熟、不完善的结果。由于问题产生的体制背景不同 ,实践中的财政政策既无力像西方那样用以启动市场机制的恢复 ,也不可能解决转轨中的体制性约束问题 ,只能提供一个有利于解决问题的相对平稳的宏观环境。财政政策作用下的经济运行也同样受到这些因素的制约。转轨中的体制性矛盾最终必须通过深化改革来消除。
The insufficient instrumental effect and unbalanced economic operation of the proactive fiscal policy since 1998 are the two prominent problems in China’s economy. Both have inherited relations and are subject to institutional constraints in the same transitional context. Since the market mechanism in the current stage is still merely a framework, the causes of economic imbalances and unemployment are different from those of general market failures, and the lack of an institutional internal mechanism to launch the autonomous growth of economy as the goal of a proactive fiscal policy lacks. The imbalance of economic operation is the result of the institutional restraint of consumption and the double restraint of the institutional impulse of investment. This paper argues that at present the problems in China’s economic operation are structural and its essence is the obstacle to the operation of the market mechanism caused by the traditional institutional constraints in the process of transition and is the result of an immature and imperfect market mechanism. Due to the different institutional backgrounds in which the problems arise, the fiscal policy in practice is neither capable of initiating the restoration of the market mechanism as in the West nor of the institutional constraints in the transition. It can only provide a relatively stable Macro environment. The economic operation under the fiscal policy is equally restricted by these factors. The institutional contradictions in the transition must ultimately be eliminated through deepening reforms.