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甲硝达唑(Metronidazole)系硝基咪唑类化合药物。临床原用于治疗阴道滴虫病,又名“灭滴灵”。随后发现它对兰氏贾第鞭毛虫病、阿米巴病有效。近年,由于对该药作用机理的深入研究,人们发现该药系一广谱抗厌氧菌药物。因而其在临床领域中应用日趋广泛。1978年,世界卫生组织将甲硝达唑定为抗厌氧菌感染基本药物。中华人民共和国药典(1985年版)也将厌氧菌列为甲硝达唑的适应症。本文就其药理作用及临床应用作一扼要介绍。一、药物的吸收、分布和代谢口服或直肠给予甲硝达唑,可被胃肠道迅速完全地吸收。一次静脉给药500mg,平均血浓度:注射后速达18μg/ml;2小时后为13μg/ml,8小时后为5.1μg/ml;药物半衰期为7～8小时。
Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole drug. Clinical original for the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis, also known as “metronidazole.” It was subsequently found to be effective against Giardias lamblia and amoebiasis. In recent years, due to in-depth study of the mechanism of action of the drug, it was found that the drug is a broad-spectrum anti-anaerobic drugs. Therefore, it is widely used in the clinical field. In 1978, the World Health Organization set metronidazole as anti-anaerobic infections essential drugs. Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (1985 edition) also listed anaerobic bacteria as an indication of metronidazole. This article on its pharmacological effects and clinical applications for a brief introduction. First, the absorption of drugs, distribution and metabolism Oral or rectally administered metronidazole can be rapidly and completely absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. One intravenous administration of 500 mg, mean blood concentration: up to 18 μg / ml after injection; 13 μg / ml after 2 hours and 5.1 μg / ml after 8 hours; half-life of drug between 7 and 8 hours.