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强震的孕育和发生,与区域构造活动的强度和方式密切相关,不同地区各自特点不同。本文综合近年活断层填图等方面研究成果,对山西断陷带7级以上历史强震的地表破裂带及全新世古地震进行分析对比,讨论该区7级以上强震地表破裂特征。强震发生时,依据当地的地形地物条件,破坏区的地表出现多样地面破坏现象,例如山崩、滑坡、地裂缝、地表陡坎、喷砂冒水等。在松散沉积物地区,许多地表破坏现象常反映震时的应力场特征。本文着重讨论的是震时出现的反映震源发震构造特征的地表破坏现象——地表破裂带、地表地震断层或地震形变带。
The occurrence and occurrence of strong earthquakes are closely related to the intensity and manner of regional tectonic activities, and their respective characteristics are different in different regions. Based on the research results of active fault mapping in recent years, this paper analyzes and compares the surface rupture zone and the Holocene paleoseismicity of the strong earthquakes above grade 7 in the Shanxi fault depression zone, and discusses the surface rupture characteristics of the earthquakes above magnitude 7 in this area. In the event of a strong earthquake, according to the conditions of the local topography, there are various types of ground damage such as landslides, landslides, ground fissures, scarps on the surface, grit blasting, etc. on the surface of the damaged area. In the area of loose sediments, many surface damage often reflect the characteristics of the stress field during the earthquake. This article focuses on the surface damage phenomena that occur during the epoch that reflect the tectonic features of epicenter seismogenic structures - the surface rupture zone, the surface seismic fault or the seismic deformation zone.