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目的探讨三河地区婴幼儿早期喂养行为特点与其运动及智能发育状况的关系。方法 2014年1-12月采用分层整群随机抽样法,以该地区3所妇幼保健机构为抽查点,按6~12个月、13~18个月、19~24个月龄组进行抽样,共抽取1 250例婴幼儿纳入该研究,参照辅食喂养行为综合评价体系对研究对象喂养行为进行量化评分,根据评分情况分为喂养行为低水平组(总分占满分比例<60%)、中水平组(总分占满分比例60%~80%)和高水平组(总分占满分比例>80%),采用PDMS-2量表、智力发育指数(MDI)、精神运动发育指数(PDI)测定婴幼儿运动发育及智能发育情况。应用Pearson单因素分析婴幼儿早期喂养行为水平与运动发育及智能发育的关系。结果该地区婴幼儿辅食喂养行为处于低、中、高水平的比例分别为18.00%(225/1 250)、45.44%(568/1 250)、36.56%(457/1 250),不同月龄间喂养水平存在差异,其中19~24个月龄婴幼儿喂养低水平占的比例较高(P<0.05),城镇户口婴幼儿高喂养水平比例高于农村户口(P<0.05)。喂养行为高水平组婴幼儿PDMS-2总分、MDI评分、PDI评分均高于喂养行为中、低水平组(P<0.05)。经Pearson分析可知,喂养行为评分与PDMS-2总分、MDI评分、PDI评分均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论该地区婴幼儿喂养行为不佳,喂养行为水平低可影响婴幼儿智能及运动发育,临床工作者应对婴幼儿家属进行针对性营养宣教。
Objective To explore the relationship between early childhood infant feeding behaviors and their movement and intelligence development in Sanhe area. Methods From January to December 2014, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used. Three maternal and child health institutions in the area were randomly selected as sampling points. Samples were collected from 6 to 12 months, from 13 to 18 months and from 19 to 24 months of age , A total of 1,250 infants and toddlers were recruited into the study. According to the comprehensive evaluation system of complementary feeding behavior, the feeding behavior of the subjects was scored quantitatively. According to the scores, they were divided into low-feeding group (total score <60%), (PDMS-2), mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor developmental index (PDI) were measured in the level group (60% -80% of the total score) and the high level group Determination of infant sports development and intelligent development. Pearson ’s univariate analysis of the relationship between infant early feeding behavior and motor development and intelligence development. Results The rates of feeding at low, medium and high levels for infants and young children in this area were 18.00% (225/1 250), 45.44% (568/150) and 36.56% (457/1 250), respectively There was a significant difference in the level of feeding between 19-24 months of age (P <0.05). The proportion of high-level infants in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (P <0.05). The score of PDMS-2, MDI and PDI in infants with high level of feeding behavior were higher than that in middle and low level of feeding behavior (P <0.05). Pearson analysis showed that feeding behavior score was positively correlated with PDMS-2 score, MDI score and PDI score (P <0.05). Conclusion Infants and young children in this area have poor feeding behavior and low level of feeding behavior, which may affect the intelligence and motor development of infants and toddlers. Clinicians should carry out targeted nutrition education for infants and toddlers.