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20世纪80年代初,资本主义世界陷入经济危机,出现“技术性”失业增加与经济增长并行的情况。同时,拉美地区的就业结构呈第三产业化和非正规化趋势。20世纪90年代以来,跨国公司开始大规模进入拉美的职业培训市场,从而推动了拉美职业培训体系的私有化进程。在这一进程中,拉美国家采取了不同的职业培训私有化措施:巴西、阿根廷和一些中美洲国家在私有化初期实行职业培训的分权化改革;智利等国推行分权化和私有化并行的改革。拉美国家鼓励企业内部培训,允许企业参与制定职业培训政策、课程设置和教师培训;制定终身学习和培训政策,促进培训的私人化发展。在实施私有化改革后,拉美的职业培训体系呈现出培训资金多元化、职业培训高等教育化、培训与就业挂钩、培训体系形成新的多科或多价培训模式等主要特征。
In the early 1980s, the capitalist world was in an economic crisis with the emergence of “technical” unemployment parallel to economic growth. Meanwhile, the employment structure in Latin America is in the trend of tertiary industry and informalization. Since the 1990s, multinational corporations have begun to enter the vocational training market in Latin America on a large scale, thus promoting the process of privatization of the vocational training system in Latin America. In the process, Latin American countries adopted different measures for the privatization of vocational training: the decentralization reforms that have given vocational training to Brazil, Argentina and some Central American countries in the early stages of privatization; the parallelization of the decentralization and privatization in countries such as Chile Reform. Latin American countries encourage in-house training and allow enterprises to participate in the formulation of occupational training policies, curricula and teacher training; and develop lifelong learning and training policies to promote the private development of training. After the implementation of the privatization reform, the vocational training system in Latin America shows the main features of diversification of training funds, higher education of vocational training, linking training and employment, and training system to form a new multidisciplinary or multi-price training mode.