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[目的]了解衡水市教师甲状腺结节流行状况及相关因素。[方法]收集2012年1月至2013年7月在某医院进行健康检查的该市教师2 863例健康检查资料及问卷调查,进行汇总分析。[结果]1甲状腺结节总患病率为31.68%(907/2 863),其中男性患病率25.85%,女性患病率35.93%,女性明显高于男性(χ2=32.779,P=0.000)。2共检出甲状腺结节患者907例,甲状腺结节大小在2 mm×1 mm~80 mm×87 mm之间。多发515例(56.78%),单发392例(43.22%);双侧428例(47.19%),单侧479例(52.81%),其中右叶256例(28.22%),左叶223例(24.59%);实性613例(67.59%),囊性140例(15.44%),囊实性86例(9.48%),伴钙化68例(7.50%),检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。3甲状腺结节患病率呈现随年龄的增长而增加的趋势(趋势χ2=92.852,P=0.000),>60岁年龄段患病率最高,达到46.31%,每一年龄段女性患病率均高于男性(P<0.05)。4中专及大学教师中女性患病率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。5多因素logistic回归分析显示:与男性教师相比,女性教师更易患甲状腺结节(OR=1.939,95%CI=1.622~2.318);随年龄增长罹患甲状腺结节的风险增加(OR=1.388,95%CI=1.299~1.483);睡眠差(OR=1.999,95%CI=1.647~2.426)可能是罹患甲状腺结节的危险因素。[结论]衡水市教师甲状腺结节患病率较高,存在性别、年龄效应修饰作用,睡眠差可能是罹患甲状腺结节的危险因素。倡导教师健康工作、生活方式,保证充足睡眠可能对预防甲状腺结节起到重要作用。
[Objective] To understand the prevalence of thyroid nodules among teachers in Hengshui City and related factors. [Methods] A total of 2 863 health examination materials and questionnaires of teachers from January 2012 to July 2013 in a hospital for health examination were collected and analyzed. [Results] 1 The total prevalence of thyroid nodules was 31.68% (907/2 863), of which 25.85% in males and 35.93% in females, significantly higher in females than in males (χ2 = 32.779, P = 0.000) . 2 out of 907 cases of thyroid nodules were detected, the size of thyroid nodules between 2 mm × 1 mm ~ 80 mm × 87 mm. There were 515 cases (56.78%) and 392 cases (43.22%) with single attack, 428 cases (47.19%) and 479 cases (52.81%) unilateral, of which 256 cases (28.22% 24.59%). There were 613 cases (67.59%) in solidity, 140 cases (15.44%) cystic and 86 cases (9.48% (P <0.01). The prevalence of thyroid nodules tended to increase with age (trend χ2 = 92.852, P = 0.000). The prevalence of thyroid nodules was the highest at 46 years old (46.31%), and the prevalence of females in each age group Higher than males (P <0.05). The prevalence of female in secondary school and college teachers was higher than that in men, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with male teachers, female teachers were more likely to have thyroid nodules (OR = 1.939, 95% CI = 1.622-2.318); the risk of thyroid nodules increased with age (OR = 1.388, 95% CI = 1.299-1.483). Poor sleep (OR = 1.999, 95% CI = 1.647-2.426) may be the risk factors for thyroid nodules. [Conclusion] The prevalence of thyroid nodules in Hengshui city is higher than that of other thyroid nodules. There is gender and age effect modification, and poor sleep may be the risk factors of thyroid nodules. Advocating teacher health work, lifestyle, to ensure adequate sleep may play an important role in the prevention of thyroid nodules.