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目的调查湖南醴陵农村儿童非故意伤害的流行特征,为农村儿童非故意伤害的预防和干预措施的制定提供依据。方法采取随机整群抽样的方法,于2013年10月在湖南省醴陵市3个乡镇抽取4所中学和2所小学各年级全体学生作为调查对象,采用自制的调查表调查儿童一般情况、家庭情况及非故意伤害发生情况。结果发放3 550份问卷,收回有效问卷3 257份,有效应答率为91.7%。年龄范围为5~16岁,平均(11.4±2.3)岁。其中男童1 575人(48.4%),女童1 682人(51.6%)。非故意伤害发生率为10.9%(356/3 257)。男童非故意伤害发生率显著高于女童(P=0.003)。跌伤(45.5%)、交通伤(14.3%)为常见的伤害类型。伤害发生于四肢的比例最高(70.2%)。伤害的发生常见于道路(34.3%)、家中(32.3%)和学校(22.8%)。伤害程度以轻度为主(42.7%),其次为中度(29.5%)、极轻度(19.4%)。79.8%的儿童伤害后痊愈,12.6%的儿童损伤处常有不适感,7.3%的儿童出现活动受限。结论湖南醴陵农村儿童非故意伤害发生率为10.9%,居全国各地区中等偏低水平。男童较女童更易发生伤害。跌伤是最常见的伤害类型。伤害常发生于道路、家中和学校。伤害程度以轻度为主,部分儿童损伤处常有不适感或活动受限。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injuries among rural children in Liling, Hunan Province and provide the basis for the prevention and intervention of unintentional injuries among rural children. Methods A randomized cluster sampling method was adopted. In October 2013, four middle schools and two primary schools of all grades in all three primary and secondary schools in Liling City of Hunan Province were selected as the survey subjects. Self-made questionnaires were used to investigate the general situation of children and family conditions And unintentional injuries occurred. Results A total of 3 550 questionnaires were issued and 3 257 valid questionnaires were returned. The effective response rate was 91.7%. The age range of 5 to 16 years old, with an average (11.4 ± 2.3) years. 1,575 were boys (48.4%) and 1,682 were girls (51.6%). The incidence of unintentional injuries was 10.9% (356/3 257). The incidence of unintentional injuries among boys was significantly higher than that of girls (P = 0.003). Fall injuries (45.5%) and traffic injuries (14.3%) are common types of injuries. Injuries occurred in the highest proportion of limbs (70.2%). Injuries occur most often on roads (34.3%), at home (32.3%) and at schools (22.8%). Injuries were mild (42.7%), followed by moderate (29.5%) and very mild (19.4%). 79.8% of children recovered after injury, 12.6% of children suffered discomfort, and 7.3% of children had limited mobility. Conclusions The incidence of unintentional injury among rural children in Liling, Hunan Province was 10.9%, ranking middle to low in all regions of the country. Boys are more vulnerable than girls. Fall injury is the most common type of injury. Hurt often occurs in the road, home and school. Mild degree of injury-based, some children often have discomfort at the injury or limited activities.