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目的:分析新生儿溶血病(HDN)血清学检测结果并探讨与性别、血型、送检日龄的关系。方法:采用微柱凝胶法对3 160例高胆红素血证新生儿的血样进行HDN 3项试验(直接抗人球蛋白试验、游离抗体试验、抗体释放试验)检测,并分析HDN阳性率与性别、血型、送检日龄的关系。结果:3 160例高胆红素血证新生儿证实为HDN的有595例,阳性率为18.83%。3项试验中,抗体释放试验敏感性最高,阳性率为99.66%(593/595),其次为游离抗体试验,阳性率为80.0%(476/595),直接抗人球蛋白试验最低,阳性率仅为11.09%(66/595)。女性患儿HDN阳性率明显高于男性患儿(χ~2=22.07,P<0.05)。A型与B型新生儿HDN阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.37,P>0.05)。HDN阳性率与送检日龄密切相关,日龄越小阳性率越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高胆红素血证新生儿HDN阳性率较高,与新生儿性别、送检日龄密切相关,A型与B型的发病率无显著差异。采用微柱凝胶法进行HDN 3项试验,敏感性高,有助于HDN的早期诊断、早期治疗。
Objective: To analyze the serological test results of neonatal hemolytic disease (HDN) and to explore the relationship with sex, blood type and the date of delivery. Methods: Blood samples from 3 160 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia were tested by micro-column gel method in 3 items of HDN test (direct anti-human globulin test, free antibody test and antibody release test). The positive rates of HDN Gender, blood type, the date of delivery date. Results: The 3 160 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia confirmed 595 HDN cases, the positive rate was 18.83%. Among the three tests, the antibody release test had the highest sensitivity, the positive rate was 99.66% (593/595), followed by the free antibody test, the positive rate was 80.0% (476/595), the direct anti-human globulin test was the lowest, the positive rate Only 11.09% (66/595). The positive rate of HDN in female children was significantly higher than that in male children (χ ~ 2 = 22.07, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of HDN between type A and type B neonates (χ ~ 2 = 0.37, P> 0.05). The positive rate of HDN was closely related to the date of delivery, the higher the positive rate was, the lower the age was. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: The positive rate of HDN in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia is high, which is closely related to the sex and age of newborns. The incidence of type A and type B has no significant difference. The micro-column gel method HDN 3 tests, high sensitivity, contribute to the early diagnosis of HDN, early treatment.