稻作制即以种植稻谷为主的轮作制度。按土地利用方式稻作可分灌溉稻、自流灌溉稻、坡地围埂蓄水稻以及无灌溉条件的旱稻。不难看出,除旱稻外,稻作制中必须大量用水和合理用水,以充分满足水稻生长的生理所需,并同时以水调节土壤的其他性质,提供水稻根系生长的土壤环境和营养条件。例如,以水耕来粘闭耕层土壤藉以减少漏水漏肥。以一定的渗漏量来排除水稻根系的某些有毒物质,并调节土壤的温度,促进养分的有效利用。过去认 Rice cropping system that is to grow rice-based rotation system. According to land-use rice can be divided into irrigated rice, runoff irrigated rice, sloping paddy rice and non-irrigated paddy upland rice. It is not difficult to see that besides paddy rice, plenty of water and water must be used properly in rice cropping system to fully meet the physiological needs of rice growth. At the same time, other properties of soil are regulated by water to provide soil environment and nutritional conditions for rice root growth. For example, hydroponics is used to close the topsoil to reduce leakage and leakage. A certain amount of leakage to exclude some of the root causes of rice poisonous substances, and regulate soil temperature, promote the effective use of nutrients. Past recognition